Branches of the external and internal iliac artery

Internal iliac artery - 

The internal iliac artery (also known as the hypogastric artery, but internal iliac is the accepted term in the TA) is the smaller terminal branch of the common iliac artery. It supplies the pelvic walls, pelvic viscera, external genitalia, perineum, buttock and medial part of the thigh. 

The common iliac artery bifurcates into the internal iliac artery and external iliac artery at the level of the pelvic brim anterior to the sacroiliac joint. 

The internal iliac artery courses posteromedially towards the greater sciatic foramen. It is approximately 4 cm in length. 

At the superior margin of the greater sciatic foramen it divides into an anterior division and posterior division. The anterior division continues down to the ischial spine anterior to piriformis giving off visceral and parietal branches. The posterior division only gives rise to parietal branches.

The obturator, internal pudendal and inferior gluteal arteries are parietal branches, whereas the other arteries in the above list are visceral arteries (i.e. umbilical, superior and inferior vesical, vaginal, uterine and middle rectal artery).

The nine branches of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery may be more easily remembered in these divisions:

  • "three urinary": umbilical artery, superior vesical artery, inferior vesical artery
  • "three visceral": uterine artery, vaginal artery, middle rectal artery
  • "three parietal": obturator artery, internal pudendal artery, inferior gluteal artery

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EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY -

The external iliac artery (EIA) is the larger of the two terminal branches of the common iliac artery (CIA).

Gross anatomy

Origin

The common iliac artery bifurcates into the internal iliac artery and external iliac artery at the level of the pelvic brim anterior to the sacroiliac joint. 

Course

The external iliac artery courses medially along the iliopsoas muscle 1. After it enters the thigh under the inguinal ligament, it changes name and continues as the common femoral artery, supplying the lower limb.

Branches
The inferior epigastric artery is a branch of the external iliac artery. ... The inferior epigastric vessels give off several branches that supply the skin and muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, the deep structures of the abdominal wall and the spermatic cord.

The deep circumflex iliac artery passes upwards and laterally along the lateral wall of the abdominal cavity to the anterior superior iliac spine just behind the inguinal ligament. ... The deep circumflex artery supplies the muscles of the lateral wall of the abdominal cavity, and also the iliac muscle.
Relations

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